Autopreconceito e preconceito social no quotidiano de pessoas com lesão medular e suas famílias / Self-reception and social prejudice in the daily life of people with spinal cord injury and their families / Autoconvención y prejuicio social en la vida cotidiana de las personas con lesiones medulares y sus familias

Objetivo: Compreender a vivência do autopreconceito e do preconceito social no cotidiano de pessoas com lesão medular e de suas famílias. Métodos: Estudo interpretativo, qualitativo, desenvolvido com 21 participantes (12 pessoas com lesão medular e 9 familiares), de um Centro Especializado de Reabilitação no sul do Brasil, cujas fontes de evidências foram entrevistas individual e duas oficinas que corroboram para validação dos dados. Para o agrupamento e organização dos dados, utilizou-se o software Atlas.ti e a análise dos dados envolveu: análise preliminar, ordenação, ligações-chaves, codificação e categorização, guiada pelo olhar da Sociologia Compreensiva e do Quotidiano. Resultados: Evidencia o autopreconceito: marcas no corpo e na alma, cadeira de rodas e a percepção negativa da doença, do declínio à reconstrução da autoimagem; preconceito nas mais diversas dimensões: familiar e social. Conclusão: O autopreconceito influencia negativamente a autoimagem, criando um mecanismo de defesa e de negação da condição de vivenciar a lesão medular. A família é determinante na transformação do quotidiano e da maneira como a pessoa convive e percebe a sua condição. Precisa-se de uma sensibilização para o olhar sobre pré-conceitos estabelecidos que implicam sobre a segregação de pessoas em sociedade. (AU)

Objective: To understand the experience of self-concept and social prejudice in the daily lives of people with spinal cord injury and their families. Methods: Interpretative, qualitative study, developed with 21 participants (12 people with spinal cord injury and 9 family members), of a Specialized Rehabilitation Center in southern Brazil, whose sources of evidence were individual interviews and two workshops that corroborate for data validation. For the grouping and organization of the data, the Atlas.ti software was used and the analysis of the data involved: preliminary analysis, ordering, key links, coding and categorization, guided by the gaze of Comprehensive Sociology and Everyday Life. Results: Evidence of self-concept: marks on the body and soul, wheelchair and the negative perception of the disease, from the decline to the reconstruction of self-image; prejudice in the dimensions: family and social. Conclusion: Self-prejudice negatively influences self-image, creating a mechanism of defense and denial of condition experiencing spinal cord injury. The family is decisive in everyday transformation the way that a person lives and perceives his condition. We need a sensibilization to look established preconceptions that imply about the segregation of people in society. (AU)

Objetivo: Comprender la vivencia del autopreconceito y del prejuicio social en el cotidiano de personas con lesión de la médula espinal y de sus familias. Métodos: Estudio interpretativo cualitativo, desarrollado con 21 participantes (12 personas con lesión medular y 9 familiares), de un Centro Especializado de Rehabilitación en el sur de Brasil, cuyas fuentes de evidencia fueron entrevistas individuales y dos talleres que corroboraron la validación de datos. Para la agrupación y organización de los datos, se utilizó el software Atlas.ti y el análisis de los datos implicó: análisis preliminar, ordenación, enlaces claves, codificación y categorización, guiada por la mirada de la Sociología Comprensiva y del Cotidiano. Resultados: evidencia del autopreconceito: marcas en el cuerpo y en el alma, silla de ruedas y la percepción negativa de la enfermedad, del declive a la reconstrucción de la autoimagen; prejuicio en las dimensiones: familiar y social. Conclusion: el auto prejuicio influencia negativamente la autoimagen, creando un mecanismo de defensa y de negación de la condición experimentando una lesión en la médula espinal. La familia es determinante en la transformación de la vida cotidiana y en que la persona que vive y se da cuenta de su condición. Se necesita una conciencia para mirar los preconceptos establecidos que implican sobre la segregación de las personas en la sociedad. (AU)

Epidemiology of vertebral fractures evaluated at iot-fmusp from 2019 to 2022 / Epidemiologia das fraturas vertebrais avaliadas no iot-fmusp de 2019 a 2022 / Epidemiología de fracturas vertebrales evaluadas en iot-fmusp del2019 al 2022

ABSTRACT: Objective: To determine the epidemic profile of patients with spinal fractures referred for evaluation by Spine Group of IOT-HCFMUSP between 2019 and 2022. To enable the effect of the Covid-19 Pandemic on these epidemic profiles. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients with spinal fractures referred by the São Paulo Center for the Regulation of Health Offers and Services (CROSS) to the Spine Group of IOT-HCFMUSP between 2019 and 2022. The epidemiological profile between the pre-pandemic Covid-19 period and the period of the Covid-19 pandemic until December 2022 in the city of São Paulo was compared. Results: The medical records of 427 patients were analyzed between March 2019 and December 2022. During the period, males accounted for 71.9% of cases, and the mean age was 46.7 years. Falls from heights were the most frequent trauma mechanism (63.7%), followed by motorcycle accidents (14.3%). The absence of neurological deficit occurred in 76.8% of the cases, and the most injured region was the lumbar region (39.3%). There were changes in the epidemiological profile during the Covid-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic. Conclusions: A predominance of middle-aged males was observed, in addition to the trauma mechanism of falling from a height, as well as the absence of a neurological deficit in the initial evaluation. The lumbar and cervical regions were the most frequent sites of injury. The pandemic period interfered with the epidemiological profile presented and in the time interval between the injury and the evaluation at the IOT-HCFMUSP. Level of Evidence IV; Case Series.

RESUMO: Objetivos: Determinar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com fraturas na coluna vertebral encaminhados para avaliação pelo Grupo de Coluna do IOT-HCFMUSP entre 2019 e 2022. Avaliar o efeito da Pandemia de Covid-19 sobre esse perfil epidemiológico. Métodos: Foram analisados retrospectivamente os prontuários dos pacientes com fratura na coluna encaminhados pela Central de Regulação de Ofertas e Serviços de Saúde (CROSS) de São Paulo ao Grupo de Coluna do IOT-HCFMUSP entre os anos de 2019 e 2022. Foi comparado o perfil epidemiológico entre o período pré-pandemia Covid-19 e o período de pandemia Covid-19 até dezembro de 2022 na cidade de São Paulo. Resultados: Analisou-se o prontuário médico de 427 pacientes entre março de 2019 e dezembro de 2022. No período o sexo masculino correspondeu a 71,9% dos casos, a média da idade foi de 46,7 anos. Queda de altura foi o mecanismo de trauma mais frequente (63,7%), seguido de acidentes de motocicleta (14,3%). A ausência de déficit neurológico ocorreu em 76,8% dos casos, bem como a região mais lesada foi a lombar (39,3%). Houveram mudanças no perfil epidemiológico durante a pandemia de Covid 19 em relação à pré-pandemia. Conclusões: Observado predomínio do sexo masculino de meia idade, além do mecanismo de trauma de queda de altura, bem como ausência de déficit neurológico a avaliação inicial. A região lombar e cervical foram os locais mais frequentes de lesão. O período pandêmico interferiu no perfil epidemiológico apresentado e nos intervalos de tempo entre a lesão e a avaliação no IOT-HCFMUSP. Nível de Evidência IV; Série de Casos.

RESUMEN: Objetivos: Determinar la epidemiología de los pacientes con fracturas vertebrales evaluadas por el Grupo de Columna IOT-HCFMUSP entre 2019 y 2022. Evaluar el efecto de la Pandemia Covid-19 sobre esta epidemiología. Métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de historias clínicas de pacientes con fracturas de columna remitidos por el Central de Regulação de Ofertas e Serviços de Saúde (CROSS) de São Paulo al Grupo de Columna IOT-HCFMUSP entre 2019 y 2022. Se comparó el perfil epidemiológico entre el periodo de la pre-pandemia de Covid-19 y el período de pandemia de Covid-19 hasta diciembre de 2022. Resultados: Serie de casos de 427 pacientes entre marzo de 2019 y diciembre de 2022. En el período, el sexo masculino representó el 71,9% de los casos, la edad promedio fue de 46,7 años. La caída de altura fue el mecanismo traumático más común (63,7%), seguido de los accidentes de motocicleta (14,3%). La ausencia de déficit neurológico se presentó en el 76,8% de los casos, siendo la región lumbar (39,3%) la región más lesionada. Hubo cambios en el perfil epidemiológico durante la pandemia de Covid-19 con relación a la prepandemia. Conclusiones: Hubo predominio del sexo masculino, caídas de altura como mecanismo traumático y ausencia de déficit neurológico en la evaluación inicial. La región lumbar y cervical fueron los sitios de lesión más frecuentes. El período pandémico interfirió con el perfil epidemiológico presentado y los intervalos de tiempo entre la lesión y la evaluación en el IOT-HCFMUSP.

Surgical timing for acute traumatic central cord syndrome / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of different surgical time points on the treatment efficacy of acute traumatic central cord syndrome (ATCCS).Methods:Retrospectively analyzed were the 84 ATCCS patients who had been treated at Department of Spinal Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2013 to February 2021. According to the surgical timing, the patients were divided into 3 groups. In group A (surgery < 48 hours) of 16 cases, there were 11 males and 5 females, aged from 43 to 76 years; in group B (surgery within 3 to 7 days) of 41 cases, there were 31 males and 10 females, aged from 41 to 78 years; in group C (surgery within 8 to 14 days) of 27 cases, there were 15 males and 12 females, aged from 46 to 83 years. Anterior, posterior or combined anterior and posterior approaches were used according to their specific condition. The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor scores and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores at admission, 7 days and 12 months after operation, postoperative ICU duration, and complications were compared among the 3 groups.Results:There were no significant differences in the preoperative general information or surgical approaches among the 3 groups, showing they were comparable ( P> 0.05). In all patients, the ASIA motor scores and JOA scores at 7 days and 12 months after operation were significantly better than those at admission, and the ASIA motor scores and JOA scores at 12 months after operation were significantly better than those at 7 days after operation ( P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the ASIA motor score or JOA score between the 3 groups at 7 days or 12 months after operation ( P>0.05). The postoperative ICU duration in group A was 42 (26, 61) h, significantly longer than 23 (16, 35) h in group B and 24 (14, 38) h in group C ( P<0.05). There were no deaths in the 84 patients; there was no significant difference in the overall incidence of serious complications or in that of general complications among the 3 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Surgery is safe and effective for ATCCS. However, decompression surgery within 2 weeks may achieve better outcomes.

Epidemiology of vertebral spine fractures in a hospital in são paulo in the two-year period 2017-2018 / Epidemiologia das fraturas da coluna vertebral em hospital de são paulo no biênio 2017-2018 / Epidemiología de las fracturas de la columna vertebral en un hospital de são paulo en el período de 2017-2018

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients with spinal fractures over a two-year period (2017 and 2018) in a quaternary hospital in the city of São Paulo. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out through the analysis of the electronic medical records of patients treated by the Spine group of the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology at the Orthopedics and Traumatology Emergency Room of Hospital das Clínicas de São Paulo in the years 2017 and 2018. Results: A total of 185 patients were evaluated over two years. Males were the gender most frequently evaluated (69.19%), and the mean patient age was 43.95 years. The most common trauma mechanisms were falls from a height (45.95%) and traffic accidents (29.73%). The cervical spine, affected in 28.65%, was the most affected region, followed by the thoracolumbar region (26.56%). Most patients did not present deficits at the initial moment (71.89%) and 54.05% of patients underwent surgery for treatment. Conclusion: Most traumas involving the spine affect adults of working age (from 20 to 60 years old), with a predominance of males. Most injuries occurred in the cervical region, which is the region most commonly associated with severe trauma and neurological injuries. This study can help in planning prevention and precaution strategies for spinal trauma. Level of evidence III; Cross-sectional study.

RESUMO Objetivos: Avaliar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com fraturas da coluna vertebral no período de dois anos (2017 e 2018) em hospital quaternário da cidade de São Paulo. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal mediante análise dos prontuários eletrônicos de pacientes atendidos pelo grupo de Coluna do Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia no Pronto Socorro de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital das Clínicas de São Paulo nos anos de 2017 e 2018. Resultados: Um total de 185 pacientes foram avaliados ao longo de dois anos. O sexo masculino foi predominante na avaliação (69,19%), e a média de idade dos pacientes de foi de 43,95 anos. Os mecanismos de trauma mais comuns foram queda de altura (45,95%) e acidentes de trânsito (29,73%). A coluna cervical, acometida em 28,65%, foi a mais afetada, seguida pela região toracolombar (26,56%). A maioria dos pacientes não apresentava déficits no momento inicial (71,89%) e 54,05% dos pacientes foram submetidos a cirurgia para o tratamento. Conclusão: A maioria dos traumas envolvendo a coluna vertebral acometem a população economicamente ativa (dos 20 aos 60 anos), com predomínio no sexo masculino. A maioria das lesões ocorreram na região cervical, que é a região mais comumente associada a traumas graves e lesões neurológicas. Este estudo pode ajudar a planejar estratégias de prevenção e precaução dos traumas da coluna vertebral. Nível de evidência III; Estudo transversal.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Evaluar el perfil epidemiológico de pacientes con fracturas de columna vertebral en un período de dos años (2017 y 2018) en un hospital cuaternario de la ciudad de São Paulo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal mediante el análisis de historias clínicas electrónicas de pacientes atendidos por el grupo de Columna Vertebral del Departamento de Ortopedia y Traumatología de la Sala de Emergencias de Ortopedia y Traumatología del Hospital de Clínicas de São Paulo en 2017 y 2018. Resultados: Se evaluó a un total de 185 pacientes durante dos años. En la evaluación predominó el sexo masculino (69,19%), siendo la edad promedio de los pacientes de 43,95 años. Los mecanismos traumatológicos más frecuentes fueron las caídas de altura (45,95%), seguidos de los accidentes de tráfico (29,73%). La columna cervical, afectada en un 28,65%, fue la más afectada, seguida de la región toracolumbar (26,56%). La mayoría de los pacientes no tenían déficits al inicio del estudio (71,89%) y el 54,05% de ellos fueron sometidos a cirugía para su tratamiento. Conclusión: La mayoría de los traumatismos que involucran la columna afectan a la población económicamente activa (20 a 60 años), con predominio del sexo masculino. La mayoría de las lesiones se produjeron en la región cervical, que es la región más comúnmente asociada a los traumatismos graves ya las lesiones neurológicas. Este estudio puede ayudar a planificar estrategias de prevención y precaución de los traumatismos de la columna vertebral. Nivel de evidencia III; Estudio transversal.

Experiência subjetiva quanto ao uso da realidade virtual em indivíduos com lesão da medula espinal traumática / Minimal experience regarding the use of virtual reality in traumatic spinal cord injuries

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar e comparar o nível de dor e as percepções de esforço de indivíduos com lesão da medula (LME) e indivíduos sem deficiência durante a aplicação da imagética motora associada à realidade virtual (RV). Tratou-se de um estudo analítico intervencional caso-controle, envolvendo 16 indivíduos, divididos em dois grupos, com oito indivíduos em cada, sendo Grupo experimental (GE) e Grupo controle (GC). Os indivíduos realizaram uma caminhada virtual utilizando o óculos de estereoscopia e foi aplicada a Escala de Experiência Subjetiva ao Exercício (EESE) e a Escala Analógica Visual de Dor (EVA). A dor esteve presente em 87,5% do GE e em 37,5% do GC. Nos dois grupos, os maiores escores da EESE foram relacionados ao domínio "bem-estar psicológico", sendo estatisticamente significantes. Desta forma, pode-se concluir que a atividade de imagética motora associada à RV foi satisfatória em promover bem-estar para os indivíduos com LME.

ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare the level of pain and the perceptions of effort of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and individuals without disabilities during the application of motor imagery associated with virtual reality (VR). It was an analytical interventional case-control study, involving 16 individuals, divided into two groups, with eight individuals in each, being an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG). The individuals performed a virtual walk using stereoscopic glasses and the Subjective Exercise Experience Scale (EESE) and the Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS) were applied. Pain was present in 87.5% of the EG and in 37.5% of the CG. In both groups, the highest EESE scores were related to the "psychological well-being" domain, being statistically significant. Thus, it can be concluded that the motor imaging activity associated with VR was satisfactory in promoting well-being for individuals with SCI.

Vertebrectomia total e estabilização com pinos e polimetilmetacrilato como tratamento para luxação entre vértebras torácicas em cão ­ relato de caso / Total vertebrectomy and stabilization with pins and polymethylmethacrylate as treatment for thoracic vertebral luxation in a dog - case report

As lesões decorrentes de atropelamento são as principais causas de fraturas e luxações vertebrais, ocasionando graus variáveis de injúrias vertebrais e medulares. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar a ocorrência de lesão traumática em coluna vertebral de cão sem raça definida, com quatro anos de idade, resultando em luxação T11-12, com exposição de T11 e secção medular, estando o paciente paraplégico, com sinais de lesão em neurônio motor superior e ausência de nocicepção profunda em membros pélvicos. O tratamento de escolha foi a vertebrectomia de T11, associada ao alinhamento de T10-12 com introdução de pinos e fixação com polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA) associado à ceftriaxona. Em decorrência de lesão na pleura parietal no trans-cirúrgico, optou-se pela toracostomia para introdução de tubo torácico, o qual permaneceu no paciente por quatro dias. No pós-operatório, o paciente apresentou recuperação satisfatória, sendo recomendado aos tutores a confecção de cadeira de rodas a fim de facilitar sua locomoção. A técnica mostrou-se satisfatória para minimizar as infecções passíveis de ocorrência em fraturas expostas, bem como melhorar a qualidade de vida do paciente, evitando-se dores crônicas.

Injuries resulting from being run over are the leading causes of vertebral fractures and dislocations, causing varying vertebral and spinal injuries. The present study aims to report the occurrence of traumatic injury to the spine of a mixed breed dog, aged four years, resulting in a T11-12 dislocation, with T11 exposure and spinal section, with the patient showing paraplegia, signs of an upper motor neuron lesion and absence of deep nociception in pelvic limbs. The treatment of choice was T11 vertebrectomy, associated with the alignment of T10-12 with the introduction of pins and fixation with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) associated with ceftriaxone. Due to a lesion in the parietal pleura during the surgery, thoracostomy was chosen to introduce a chest tube, which remained in the patient for four days. In the postoperative period, the patient presented a satisfactory recovery, and it was recommended that tutors make a wheelchair to facilitate their mobility. The technique proved to be satisfactory for minimizing infections that could occur in open fractures and improving the patient's quality of life, avoiding chronic pain.

Lazer e qualidade de vida na percepção de indivíduos com lesão da medula espinal traumática / Leisure and quality of life in the perception of individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury

Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar as atividades de lazer e a percepção de qualidade de vida de indivíduos com lesão medular. Foi realizado um estudo analítico observacional (quali-quantitativo), com oito participantes. Foram aplicados o questionário sociodemográfico e o World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument ­ Physical Disabilities (WHOQOL-DIS-PD) e uma entrevista semiestruturada. Para a análise dos dados foram utilizados software MAXQDA e os testes de Friedman e Wilcoxon (p<0,05). Observou-se significância estatística entre os domínios de QV da amostra total (p=0,017), entre os indivíduos com até 40 anos de idade (p=0,025) e entre os participantes com até 11 anos de lesão (p=0,002). A principal atividade de lazer identificada foi assistir televisão. Diante disso, pôde-se concluir que os indivíduos com lesão medular apresentaram uma boa QV, apesar de apresentarem restrição em suas atividades de lazer.

This study aimed to assess the QOL of individuals with spinal cord injury and to identify their leisure activities. An observational analytical study (qualiquantitative) was carried out, with 8 participants. The socio demographic questionnaire and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument - Physical Disabilities (WHOQOL-DIS-PD) were applied, in addition to a semi-structured interview. For data analysis, MAXQDA software and Friedman and Wilcoxon tests (p <0.05) were used. There was statistical significance between the QOL domains of the total sample (p = 0.017), between individuals up to 40 years of age (p = 0.025) and among participants with up to 11 years of injury (p = 0.002). The main leisure activity identified was watching television. Therefore, it could be concluded that individuals with spinal cord injury had a good QOL, despite having restrictions on their leisure activities.

Epidemiological analysis of spinal cord injury in the city of joinville (sc) / Análise epidemiológica de trauma raquimedular na cidade de joinville (sc) / Análisis epidemiológico de trauma raquimedular en la ciudad de joinville (sc)

ABSTRACT Objective This paper proposes a retrospective analysis of the spinal cord trauma at a regional hospital that is a Unified Health System (SUS) reference in Orthopedics and Traumatology, considering epidemiological data and comparing treatments and hospitalization costs. Methods This study is a retrospective, analytical-descriptive, exploratory documental analysis, using data from the medical records of patients treated for spinal cord trauma during 2016 at the São José Municipal Hospital (Joinville, SC). Results Twenty-three patients were included in the study, 20 of whom (87%) were male. As to etiology, traffic accidents accounted for 47.8% of the cases and gunshot wounds were in second place with 26.1% of the injuries. The correlation between the cost of hospitalization and the days of hospitalization was statistically significant (p = 0.013), as was the correlation between the cost of hospitalization and the number of procedures (p = 0.000). Conclusions Surgical treatment demands greater amounts of financial and human resources. The purpose of this study is to provide local epidemiological data to encourage discussion about other studies, as well as planning for resource allocation and public policy. Level of evidence II; Retrospective Study.

RESUMO Objetivo O presente estudo propõe uma análise retrospectiva relacionada ao traumatismo raquimedular de um hospital de referência regional em Ortopedia e Traumatologia pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), considerando dados epidemiológicos, comparações entre tratamentos e custos das internações. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, analítico-descritivo de análise exploratória documental, utilizando dados de prontuários médicos de pacientes atendidos com traumatismo raquimedular durante o ano de 2016 no Hospital Municipal São José (Joinville - SC). Resultados Foram incluídos no estudo 23 pacientes, sendo 20 (87%) do sexo masculino. Quanto à etiologia, os acidentes de trânsito foram responsáveis por 47,8% dos casos e os ferimentos por arma de fogo ocuparam o segundo lugar com 26,1% dos agravos. A correlação entre o custo da internação e os dias da internação foi estatisticamente significativa (p=0,013), assim como a correlação entre o custo da internação e o número de procedimentos (p=0,000). Conclusões O tratamento cirúrgico demanda maior quantidade de recursos financeiros e humanos. O propósito do presente trabalho consiste em fornecer os dados epidemiológicos locais para fomentar a discussão de outros trabalhos, assim como o planejamento para alocação de recursos e de políticas públicas. Nível de evidência II; Estudo Retrospectivo.

RESUMEN Objetivo El presente estudio propone un análisis retrospectivo relacionado al traumatismo raquimedular de un hospital de referencia regional en Ortopedia y Traumatología por el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS), considerando datos epidemiológicos, comparaciones entre tratamientos y costos de las internaciones. Métodos Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo, analítico-descriptivo de análisis exploratorio documental, utilizando datos de prontuarios médicos de pacientes atendidos con traumatismo raquimedular durante el año 2016 en el Hospital Municipal São José (Joinville - SC). Resultados Fueron incluidos en el estudio 23 pacientes, siendo 20 (87%) del sexo masculino. Cuanto a la etiología, los accidentes de tránsito fueron responsables por 47,8% de los casos y las heridas por arma de fuego ocuparon el segundo lugar, con 26,1% de los agravios. La correlación entre el costo de la internación y los días de internación fue estadísticamente significativa (p=0,013), así como la correlación entre el costo de internación y el número de procedimientos (p=0,000). Conclusiones El tratamiento quirúrgico demanda mayor cantidad de recursos financieros y humanos. El propósito del presente trabajo consiste en suministrar los datos epidemiológicos locales para fomentar la discusión de otros trabajos, así como la planificación para la asignación de recursos y de políticas públicas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudio Retrospectivo.

Estabilização vertebral segmentar modificada no tratamento de trauma medular em ouriço-cacheiro (Coendou spinosus): relato de caso / Modified segmental vertebral stabilization in the treatment of spinal cord trauma in a Paraguaian hairy dwarf porcupine (Coendou spinosus): case report

Uma fêmea, adulta, de ouriço-cacheiro (Coendou spinosus, F. Cuvier, 1823), foi atendida com histórico de trauma medular. No exame neurológico, foi constatada paraplegia com nocicepção preservada e sinais compatíveis com choque espinhal. Exame radiográfico e mielografia apontaram presença de fratura e luxação vertebral torácica entre T10-11. O paciente foi submetido à técnica de estabilização vertebral segmentar modificada, com pinos de Steinmann e fios de cerclagem. A técnica utilizada mostrou-se eficaz na estabilização da fratura/luxação vertebral e na recuperação dos sinais neurológicos. O paciente apresentou recuperação progressiva da deambulação. Para o conhecimento dos autores, este é o primeiro relato utilizando estabilização vertebral segmentar modificada para o tratamento de fratura/luxação vertebral torácica em Coendou spinosus.(AU)

An female, adult Paraguayan hairy dwarf porcupine (Coendou spinosus, F. Cuvier, 1823) was referred to the Veterinary Hospital with clinical history of spinal cord injury. In the neurological examination, paraplegia with preserved nociception compatible with signs of spinal shock were observed. Radiographic and myelographic examinations showed evidence of a vertebral dislocation and fracture between the 10th and 11th thoracic vertebrae. The patient underwent surgical stabilization of the lesion using the modified segmental vertebral stabilization technique with Steinmann pins and cerclage wires. Under the conditions reported in this case, the technique was effective in stabilizing vertebral fracture/dislocation and in recovering neurological functions. The patient presented progressive recovery from ambulation. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report that performed modified segment stabilization for thoracic vertebral fracture/luxation treatment in Coendou spinosus.(AU)

Can the Zero-Profile Implant Be Used for Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in Traumatic Subaxial Disc Injury? A Preliminary, Retrospective Study

OBJECTIVE: The zero-profile implant (Zero-P) is accepted for use in anterior cervical fusion for the treatment of degenerative cervical disease. However, evidence pertaining to its efficiency and safety in traumatic cervical injury is largely insufficient. This study aimed to compare the overall outcomes of patients who underwent Zero-P for traumatic cervical disc injury.METHODS: Data from a total of 53 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for traumatic or degenerative cervical disc disease using the Zero-P were reviewed. Seventeen patients (group A) had traumatic cervical disc injury and the remaining 36 (group B) had degenerative cervical disc herniation. The fusion and subsidence rates and Cobb angle were measured retrospectively from plain radiographs. The patients’ clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score and Odom’s criteria.RESULTS: The C2–7 Cobb and operative segmental angles increased by 3.45±7.61 and 2.94±4.59 in group A; and 2.46±7.31 and 2.88±5.49 in group B over 12 postoperative months, respectively. The subsidence and fusion rate was 35.0% and 95.0% in group A; and 36.6% and 95.1% in group B, respectively. None of the parameters differed significantly between groups. The clinical outcomes were similar in both groups in terms of increasing the JOA score and producing a grade higher than “good” using Odom’s criteria.CONCLUSION: The application of Zero-P in patients with traumatic cervical disc injury was found to be acceptable when compared with the clinical and radiological outcomes of degenerative cervical spondylosis.

Can the Zero-Profile Implant Be Used for Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in Traumatic Subaxial Disc Injury? A Preliminary, Retrospective Study

OBJECTIVE: The zero-profile implant (Zero-P) is accepted for use in anterior cervical fusion for the treatment of degenerative cervical disease. However, evidence pertaining to its efficiency and safety in traumatic cervical injury is largely insufficient. This study aimed to compare the overall outcomes of patients who underwent Zero-P for traumatic cervical disc injury. METHODS: Data from a total of 53 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for traumatic or degenerative cervical disc disease using the Zero-P were reviewed. Seventeen patients (group A) had traumatic cervical disc injury and the remaining 36 (group B) had degenerative cervical disc herniation. The fusion and subsidence rates and Cobb angle were measured retrospectively from plain radiographs. The patients’ clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score and Odom’s criteria. RESULTS: The C2–7 Cobb and operative segmental angles increased by 3.45±7.61 and 2.94±4.59 in group A; and 2.46±7.31 and 2.88±5.49 in group B over 12 postoperative months, respectively. The subsidence and fusion rate was 35.0% and 95.0% in group A; and 36.6% and 95.1% in group B, respectively. None of the parameters differed significantly between groups. The clinical outcomes were similar in both groups in terms of increasing the JOA score and producing a grade higher than “good” using Odom’s criteria. CONCLUSION: The application of Zero-P in patients with traumatic cervical disc injury was found to be acceptable when compared with the clinical and radiological outcomes of degenerative cervical spondylosis.

Trauma raquimedular penetrante a nivel torácico por arma blanca sin déficit neurológico / Raquimedular trauma penetrating thoracic stab without neurological deficit

Resumen: El trauma penetrante de médula espinal es una patología poco frecuente y corresponde a la tercera causa más común de lesión de médula espinal. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con trauma medular penetrante, causado por un cuchillo que permaneció 12 horas incrustado en su columna dorsal y que no presentó déficit neurológico. Según nuestro conocimiento, existe un solo caso reportado de lesión penetrante de médula espinal sin compromiso neurológico. Es controvertido el manejo de estas lesiones, por ello comentaremos nuestra experiencia con el presente caso. Palabras claves: : trauma penetrante de médula espinal, lesión de médula espinal, arma blanca, cirugía, tratamiento, manejo.

Abstract: The penetrating spinal trauma is a very uncommon pathology, corresponds to the third most frequent of spinal medular lesion. We present a case of a patient with penetrating spinal trauma causes by a knife that remained twelve hours embedded at the spinal cord and this patient did not present neurological deficit. For our knowledge, there is only one case reported of a penetrating spinal trauma without a neurological compromise. There are controversies about the management of these lesions and that is why we will to present this case as our experience. Key words: penetrating spinal cord trauma, spinal cord injury, knife, surgery, treatment, management.

Características clínicas y demográficas de pacientes con trauma raquimedular Experiencia de seis años / Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with spinal cord injury Six years experience

Introducción: el trauma raquimedular (TRM) es una entidad potencialmente catastrófica y la información acerca de las características del TRM penetrante relacionadas con violencia, particularmente las heridas por arma de fuego es escasa. Diseño del estudio: estudio de cohorte retrospectiva. Objetivos: determinar las características clínicas y demográficas de la población con TRM atendidas en un hospital de tercer nivel de Medellín. Métodos: revisamos las historias clínicas de los pacientes admitidos con diagnóstico de TRM entre enero de 2005 y diciembre de 2010. Se recolectaron datos con respecto a estancia hospitalaria y en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI), el estado vital y la recuperación neurológica al egreso. Resultados: tuvimos 68 casos de TRM con una frecuencia de 12 casos por 1000 pacientes admitidos a la UCI. La edad media fue de 28 años y 91% fueron del sexo masculino. La principal causa de TRM fue herida por arma de fuego (57%) seguido por accidentes de tránsito (32%). La estancia media de UCI fueron seis días, 56% de los pacientes requirió ventilación mecánica y 37% requirió traqueostomía. El nivel de lesión medular más frecuente fue cervical. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue de 21%, todos estaban con ventilación mecánica y entre más alto fue el nivel de lesión medular mayor era la mortalidad. Conclusiones: nuestra investigación muestra que la población principalmente afectada por el TRM en nuestro medio son los jóvenes y la mortalidad, así como la estancia, complicaciones infecciosas y discapacidad tienen relación directa con el nivel de lesión medular. (Acta Med Colomb2014; 40: 45-50).

Introduction: spinal cord injury (SCI) is a potentially catastrophic entity and information about the characteristics of pervasive SCI related to violence, particularly gunshot wounds, is scarce. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objectives: to determine the clinical and demographic characteristics of the population with SCI attended in a tertiary hospital in Medellin. Methods: The medical records of patients admitted with a diagnosis of SCI between January 2005 and December 2010 were reviewed. Data regarding stay in the hospital and intensive care unit (ICU), vital status and neurological recovery at hospital discharge were collected. Results: there were 68 cases of SCI at a rate of 12 cases per 1000 patients admitted to the ICU. The average age was 28 years and 91% were male. The main cause of SCI was gunshot wounds (57%) followed by traffic accidents (32%). The mean ICU stay was six days, 56% of patients required mechanical ventilation and 37% required tracheostomy. The most common level of spinal cord injury was cervical. Hospital mortality was 21%, all were mechanically ventilated and the higher the level of spinal cord injury, the greater was the mortality. Conclusions: our research shows that people mainly affected by the SCI in our environment are young and mortality, as well as stay, infectious complications and disability are directly related to the level of spinal cord injury. (Acta Med Colomb 2014; 40: 45-50).

Neuroprotective Effect of Anthocyanin on Experimental Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the neuroprotective effect of anthocyanin, oxygen radical scavenger extracted from raspberries, after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. METHODS: The animals were divided into two groups : the vehicle-treated group (control group, n=20) received an oral administration of normal saline via stomach intubation immediately after SCI, and the anthocyanin-treated group (AT group, n=20) received 400 mg/kg of cyanidin 3-O-beta-glucoside (C3G) in the same way. We compared the neurological functions, superoxide expressions and lesion volumes in two groups. RESULTS: At 14 days after SCI, the AT group showed significant improvement of the BBB score by 16.7+/-3.4%, platform hang by 40.0+/-9.1% and hind foot bar grab by 30.8+/-8.4% (p<0.05 in all outcomes). The degree of superoxide expression, represented by the ratio of red fluorescence intensity, was significantly lower in the AT group (0.98+/-0.38) than the control group (1.34+/-0.24) (p<0.05). The lesion volume in lesion periphery was 32.1+/-2.4 microL in the control and 24.5+/-2.3 microL in the AT group, respectively (p<0.05), and the motor neuron cell number of the anterior horn in lesion periphery was 8.3+/-5.1 cells/HPF in the control and 13.4+/-6.3 cells/HPF in the AT group, respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Anthocyanin seemed to reduce lesion volume and neuronal loss by its antioxidant effect and these resulted in improved functional recovery.

Cardiac Arrhythmias Accompanying Experimental Spinal Cord Trauma in Cats

This study was undertaken to determine the cardiovascular response to the spinal cord trauma in cats and to determine the autonomic mechnisms involved. The electrocardiogram and arterial blood pressure were recorded in anesthetized cats after the spinal cord trauma of 500 gm-cm at T4-T6 levels. 1. Acute spinal cord trauma caused a wide variety of severe cardiac arrhythmias and acute hypertension. 2. The increase of blood pressure could be prevented by intravenous phenoxybenzamine, and alpha adrenergic blocking agent. The pressor response was mediated by the alpha adrenergic receptor sites of the peripheral nervous system. 3. Tachycardia was occurred by the administration of atropine and bilateral vagotomy before trauma without affecting pressor response. 4. The arrhythmias could be eliminated by the combined administration of propranolol and atropine, but not prevented by the administration of either propranolol or atropine without affecting pressor response. These results suggest that the arrhythmias might be a response of hyperactivity of both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.